Which of the following is NOT a determinant of afterload?

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a determinant of afterload?

Explanation:
Afterload is the pressure the ventricle must overcome to eject blood. It is set by arterial system properties: systemic vascular resistance, arterial compliance (stiffness), and arterial impedance (the pulsatile load combining resistance and stiffness across the cardiac cycle). Heart rate does not determine this load; it mainly affects how long the heart has to fill and how much blood is ejected each beat, influencing cardiac output rather than the pressure the ventricle must generate to eject flow. So heart rate is not a determinant of afterload.

Afterload is the pressure the ventricle must overcome to eject blood. It is set by arterial system properties: systemic vascular resistance, arterial compliance (stiffness), and arterial impedance (the pulsatile load combining resistance and stiffness across the cardiac cycle). Heart rate does not determine this load; it mainly affects how long the heart has to fill and how much blood is ejected each beat, influencing cardiac output rather than the pressure the ventricle must generate to eject flow. So heart rate is not a determinant of afterload.

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